Professional Interests

Professional focus areas such as childhood deformities, hip and knee surgery, sports injuries and upper limb surgery.

Childhood Lower Limb Deformities: Bow Legs, Knock Knees and In-Toeing

When is leg bowing in children normal? Bow legs, knock knees, in-toeing, Blount disease, rickets and flat feet: telling normal from abnormal…

Rare Childhood Limb Deformities: Fibular Hemimelia, Femoral Deficiency

Fibular and tibial hemimelia, congenital femoral deficiency, congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia, achondroplasia, Ollier disease and multiple…

Complex and Revision Hip and Knee Replacement Surgery

Revision and complex primary joint replacement: loosening, infection, dislocation, dysplasia, deformity and short limbs in hip and knee surgery, with…

Hip Osteoarthritis: Symptoms, Treatment and the Replacement Decision

What is hip osteoarthritis and how does it progress? Symptoms, stages, non-surgical treatment, joint-preserving surgery and when a hip replacement is…

Arm Lengthening Surgery and Upper Limb Deformity Correction

Arm lengthening surgery and correction of forearm and elbow deformities: humeral lengthening in achondroplasia, multiple exostoses, Madelung…

Malunion Surgery: Fractures That Healed Bent, Twisted or Short

Malunion means a fracture has healed bent, twisted or short. Learn about the symptoms, how it is measured with long-leg X-rays and CT, corrective…

Revision Surgery for Complex and Infected Nonunion

Revision surgery for infected nonunion and for fractures that have failed previous surgery, have broken implants or bone loss: debridement, fixation…

Adult Leg Deformity Correction: Bow Legs and Knock Knees

In adults, bow legs and knock knees can overload one side of the knee and contribute to early arthritis. We explain correction surgery, HTO and DFO…

Leg Length Discrepancy and Medical Limb Lengthening

Leg length discrepancy can result from congenital conditions, growth plate damage, achondroplasia or a fracture. We explain how it is measured…

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